// Put Font // 8c -w fft.c && 8l fft.8 && window '8.out -n 16 | plot ' // 8c fft.c && 8l fft.8 && 8.out // ; mv 8.out /usr/maht/bin/386/fft #include #include double f(int n, double x) { x *= 2 * PI / n; // x += PI; return sin(x); // + sin(2 * x) + 0.5 * sin(3 * (PI + x)); } /* routines from "The Scientist and Engineer's Guide to Digital Signal Processing" see BASIC at the end for source */ typedef struct Complex Complex; typedef struct Freq Freq; struct Complex { double r, i; }; struct Freq { double f, r, a; }; void C_to_F(Complex *c, Freq *f) { f->r = sqrt(c->r * c->r + c->i * c->i); f->a = (c->r > 0) ? atan2(c->i, c->r) : 0; } void ri_to_F(double r, double i, Freq *f) { f->r = sqrt(r * r + i * i); f->a = atan2(i, r); if(f->r > 0) f->a += PI; } void ris_to_fs(int n, double rex[], double imx[], Freq f[]) { int i; for(i = 0; i < n; i++) { ri_to_F(rex[i], imx[i], &f[i]); } } void plot(int n, double rex[], char *c, double rad, int r) { int i; double f; if(r) print("ra 0 -1.1 1 1.1\n"); if(c) print("co %s\n", c); for(i = 0; i < n; i++) { f = (double)i / (double)n; print("ci %0.3f %0.3f %0.3f\n", f, rex[i], rad); } } void range(int n, double rex[], Freq f[]) { int i; double minf = 0; double maxf = 0; // print("# %d mf %0.3f\n", n, maxf); for(i = 0; i < n; i++) { if(rex[i] < minf) minf = rex[i]; else if (rex[i] > maxf) maxf = rex[i]; // print("# f %d, %0.3f\n", i, f[i].r); if (f[i].r/n > maxf) maxf = f[i].r/n; if(f[i].a/PI < minf) minf = f[i].a/PI; else if (f[i].a/PI > maxf) maxf = f[i].a/PI; } // print("# mf %0.3f\n", maxf); print("ra 0 %0.3f 1 %0.3f\n", minf, maxf); } void plot_freqs(int n, Freq f[], double rad) { int i; double x; for(i = 0; i < n; i++) { x = (double)i / (double)n; print("ci %0.3f %0.3f %0.3f\n", x, f[i].r/n, rad); print("ci %0.3f %0.3f %0.3f\n", x, f[i].a/PI, rad/2); } } void fft_bit_reversal(int n, double rex[], double imx[]) { int nd2 = n >> 1; int i, j, k; double tr, ti; for(i = 1, j = nd2; i < n-1; i++) { if(i < j) { tr = rex[j]; ti = imx[j]; rex[j] = rex[i]; imx[j] = imx[i]; rex[i] = tr; imx[i] = ti; } for(k = nd2; k <= j ; j -= k, k >>= 1); j += k; } } void fft_butterfly(int n, double rex[], double imx[]) { int i, j, k, m, ie, ie2, kp; double ur, ui, tr, ti, sr, si, pie2; m = ceil(log(n) / log(2)); for(i = 1, ie = 2, ie2 = 1; i <= m; i++, ie <<= 1, ie2 <<= 1) { ur = 1; ui = 0; pie2 = PI / ie2; sr = cos(pie2); si = -sin(pie2); for(j = 0; j < ie2; j++) { for(k = j; k < n; k += ie) { kp = k + ie2; tr = rex[kp] * ur - imx[kp] * ui; ti = rex[kp] * ui + imx[kp] * ur; rex[kp] = rex[k] - tr; imx[kp] = imx[k] - ti; rex[k] += tr; imx[k] += ti; } tr = ur; ur = tr * sr - ui * si; ui = tr * si + ui * sr; } } } void fft(int n, double rex[], double imx[]) { // 1000 fft_bit_reversal(n, rex, imx); fft_butterfly(n, rex, imx); } void ifft(int n, double rex[], double imx[]) { // 2000 int i; for(i = 0; i <= n-1; i++) imx[i] = -imx[i]; fft(n, rex, imx); for(i = 0; i <= n-1; i++) { rex[i] /= n; imx[i] /= -n; } } void dft(int n, double rex[], double imx[]) { // 5000 int i, k; double c, s, np, knp, p; double *xr = (double*)calloc(n, sizeof(double)); double *xi = (double*)calloc(n, sizeof(double)); memcpy(xr, rex, n * sizeof(double)); memcpy(xi, imx, n * sizeof(double)); np = 2 * PI / n; for(k = 0, knp = 0; k < n; k++, knp += np) { rex[k] = 0; imx[k] = 0; for(i = 0, p = 0; i < n; i++, p += knp) { c = cos(p); s = -sin(p); rex[k] += xr[i] * c - xi[i] * s; imx[k] += xr[i] * s + xi[i] * c; } } } void idftx(int n, double rex[], double imx[], Complex *cx, double a) { int i; double c, s; cx->r = 0; cx->i = 0; for(i = 0; i < n; i++) { cx->r += xr[i] } } void idft(int n, double rex[], double imx[]) { // adapted from 2000 int i; for(i = 0; i < n; i++) imx[i] = -imx[i]; dft(n, rex, imx); for(i = 0; i < n; i++) { rex[i] /= n; imx[i] /= -n; } } void separate_odd_even(int n, double rex[], double imx[]) { int i, k; for(i = 0, k = 0; i <= n; i++, k = i * 2) { rex[i] = rex[k]; imx[i] = rex[k + 1]; } } void odd_even_freq_decomp(int n, double rex[], double imx[]) { int nd2 = n / 2; int n4 = n / 4; int i, im, ip2, ipm; for(i = 1; i < n4; i++) { im = nd2 - i; ip2 = i + nd2; ipm = im + nd2; rex[ip2] = (imx[i] + imx[im]) / 2; rex[ipm] = rex[ip2]; imx[ip2] = (rex[i] - rex[im]) / -2; imx[ipm] = -imx[ip2]; rex[i] = (rex[i] + rex[im]) / 2; rex[im] = rex[i]; imx[i] = (imx[i] - imx[im]) / 2; imx[im] = -imx[i]; } rex[n * 3/4] = imx[n4]; rex[nd2] = imx[0]; imx[n * 3/4] = 0; imx[nd2] = 0; imx[n4] = 0; imx[0] = 0; } void fftr(int n, double rex[], double imx[]) { // 3000 separate_odd_even(n / 2 - 1, rex, imx); fft(n / 2, rex, imx); odd_even_freq_decomp(n, rex, imx); int i, ip, j, jm1, k, ke, ke2, nm1; double ur, ui, sr, si, tr, ti; nm1 = n - 1; k = ceil(log(n) / log(2)); ke = pow(2, k); ke2 = ke / 2; ur = 1; ui = 0; sr = cos(PI / ke2); si = -sin(PI / ke2); for(j = 1; j <= ke2; j++) { jm1 = j - 1; for(i = jm1; i <= nm1; i += ke) { ip = i + ke2; tr = rex[ip] * ur - imx[ip] * ui; ti = rex[ip] * ui - imx[ip] * ur; rex[ip] = rex[i] - tr; imx[ip] = imx[i] - ti; rex[i] = rex[i] + tr; imx[i] = imx[i] + ti; } tr = ur; ur = tr * sr - ui * si; ui = tr * si + ui * sr; } } void ifftr(int n, double rex[], double imx[]) { // 4000 int k; for(k = n / 2 + 1; k < n; k++) { rex[k] = rex[n - k]; imx[k] = -imx[n - k]; } for(k = 0; k < n; k++) rex[k] += imx[k]; fftr(n, rex, imx); for(k = 0; k < n; k++) { rex[k] += imx[k]; rex[k] /= n; imx[k] = 0; } } void negative_freq_generation(int n, double rex[], double imx[]) { // 6000 int k; for(k = n / 2 + 1; k < n; k++) { rex[k] = rex[n - k]; imx[k] = -imx[n - k]; } } int test_fft(int n) { int i; double *rex = (double*)calloc(n, sizeof(double)); double *imx = (double*)calloc(n, sizeof(double)); srand(1); for(i = 0; i < n; i++) { rex[i] = f(n, i); imx[i] = 0; } fft(n, rex, imx); ifft(n, rex, imx); srand(1); for(i = 0; i < n; i++) { if(fabs(rex[i] - f(n, i)) > 0.002) break; } free(rex); free(imx); return i == n; } int test_dft(int n) { double *rex = (double*)calloc(n, sizeof(double)); double *imx = (double*)calloc(n, sizeof(double)); int i; for(i = 0; i < n; i++) { rex[i] = f(n, i); imx[i] = 0; } dft(n, rex, imx); idft(n, rex, imx); for(i = 0; i < n; i++) { if(fabs(rex[i] - f(n, i)) > 0.002) break; } free(rex); free(imx); return i == n; } void test_algs(void) { int i, n; for(i = 3; i < 6; i++) { n = pow(2, i); print("i %d %d samples\n", i, n); if(test_dft(n)) print("ok\n"); else print("fail\n"); } } void main(int argc, char **argv) { int n = 8; ARGBEGIN { case 'n' : n = atoi(ARGF()); break; } ARGEND print("atan(2/1) %0.3f atan2(2,1) %0.3f %0.3f %0.3f\n", atan(2/1), atan2(2, 1), 2 * PI / atan2(2, 1) , 2 * PI * 64.435 / 360); exits(nil); double *rex = (double*)calloc(n, sizeof(double)); double *imx = (double*)calloc(n, sizeof(double)); Freq *freq = (Freq*)calloc(n>>1, sizeof(Freq)); int i; for(i = 0; i < n; i++) { rex[i] = f(n, i); imx[i] = 0; } fft(n, rex, imx); ris_to_fs(n, rex, imx, freq); ifft(n, rex, imx); range(n, rex, freq); plot_freqs(n, freq, 0.02); plot(n, rex, "red", 0.01, 0); free(rex); free(imx); free(freq); }